I'm not affiliated w/ the Kali team, but I would suggest installing the rtl8814au drivers from the Aircrack GitHub page (https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au). A reboot is likely required for changes to take effect. I recently purchased a AWUS1900 and have hooked it up to a few physical machines running instances of Kali and it's been running fine in Kali 2021.1 / Kali 2021.2. If installing the referenced drivers doesn't work, it's likely an issue with the vm configuration and usb passthrough.

Most of the instructions I've seen related to setting up the adapter for Kali say to install the realtek-rtl88xxau-dkms apt package, however support for rtl8814au was dropped from the upstream package (https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au) late last year and must be installed separately. I put in a request earlier today to have the rtl8814au driver added to the Kali apt repo so we can get everything setup with a simple apt install.

Install commands

sudo apt install dkms build-essential libelf-dev linux-headers-uname -r
git clone https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au.git
cd rtl8814au
sudo make dkms_install

References:
https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8814au
https://github.com/aircrack-ng/rtl8812au
https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/realtek-rtl88xxau-dkms
https://bugs.kali.org/view.php?id=7193

This report has been filed against an old version of Kali. We will be closing this ticket due to inactivity.

Please could you see if you are able to replicate this issue with the latest version of Kali Linux (https://www.kali.org/get-kali/)?

If you are still facing the same problem, feel free to re-open the ticket. If you choose to do this, could you provide more information to the issue you are facing, and also give information about your setup?
For more information, please read: https://www.kali.org/docs/community/submitting-issues-kali-bug-tracker/