Is this on a base install of Kali gnome, or have you installed extra extensions?

Unfortunately, the gnome-shell-extension-dashtodock extension is currently broken with GNOME 42. We are still waiting on a fix from upstream ( https://github.com/micheleg/dash-to-dock/pull/1656 which hasn't gotten a response from the maintainer yet, unfortunately.

You can uninstall gnome-shell-extension-dashtodock for the time being, which does unfortunately get rid of the dock at the bottom of the screen.

This only happens if you have installed GNOME 42, which is only available in the kali-dev repository, so it's not officially supported yet.

I've received another report of this issue using gnome from kali-rolling, so for some reason one of the updates that arrived debian testing breaks the dash to dock extension.

For now the only solution I can give is to remove that package:
sudo apt remove gnome-shell-extension-dashtodock

I've pushed the fix to kali-themes. It will disable the mounted drives in dash-to-dock extension as that's what's causing the shell to crash.
The package is already available in kali-dev and will arrive at kali-rolling soon.

For now you can also execute the following command or disable the mounted devices from the dash-to-dock settings
gsettings set org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock show-mounts false