The issue was reported on the Debian bugtracker: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1123931

I wonder if the constraints:

Breaks: mesa-va-drivers (<< 25.2.8-3), mesa-vdpau-drivers (<< 25.2.8-3)
Replaces: mesa-va-drivers (<< 25.2.8-3), mesa-vdpau-drivers (<< 25.2.8-3)

are too strict, and should read <= instead. I will try to reproduce it.

EDIT: no, it's not a problem caused by << 25.2.8-3

Maybe it's your second command that is not quite right.

First, you must use apt full-upgrade (or dist-upgrade, it's the same) so that apt is allowed to automatically remove packages. This is needed here, because the packages mesa-va-drivers and mesa-vdpau-drivers will get removed (cf. changelog at https://salsa.debian.org/xorg-team/lib/mesa/-/blob/debian-unstable/debian/changelog).

Also, if you want to only upgrade some packages, you must run apt install PKG1 PKG2 ..., and not apt upgrade PKG1 PKG2 ... (I know, it's confusing),

The first command sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade should have work... But I see in your apt output ... amazonaws.com bookworm .... If you mix Kali with another distro, then maybe that's the problem. Maybe you installed some packages that do not belong to Kali, and depend on mesa-va-drivers or mesa-vdpau-drivers, and now you can't upgrade because of that. I think that's your issue.